ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: The prognostic importance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment of various cancers is increasingly recognized. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO + TILs and their relation to histopathological features in larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples from 63 primary larynx squamous cell carcinoma patients were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD45RO expression. Positive cells in micrographs from Invasive Margin (IM) and Tumor Center (CT) of tissue specimens counted by ImageJ software and their correlation with disease outcome were analyzed. Results: The expression level of TILs subpopulations was associated with clinicopathological markers as well as Overall Survival (OS) and Disease-Free Survival (DFS). In multivariate analysis, high frequency of CD45RO + cells in IM were confirmed as an independent prognostic marker for DFS (p = 0.007, HR = 4.968) and OS (p = 0.007, HR = 4.957). Similar findings were observed in the multivariate analysis of the combined frequency of CD45RO+cells in IM and CT. Conclusion: TILs are associated with patients clinicopathological features. Also, our findings indicate that CD45RO + TILs are a valuable marker for risk prediction in larynx SCC and could predict patients' outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Cell division cycle-7 protein is a serine/threonine kinase that has a basic role in cell cycle regulation and is a potential prognostic or therapeutic target in some human cancers. Objectives: This study investigated the expression of cell division cycle-7 protein in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and also its correlation with clinicopathologic factors. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of cell division cycle-7 was evaluated in 46 cases, including 15 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 12 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 14 pleomorphic adenoma, and 5 normal salivary glands. Cell division cycle-7 expression rate and intensity were compared statistically. Results: The protein was expressed in almost all tumors. The intensity and mean of cell division cycle-7 expression were higher in malignant tumors in comparison with pleomorphic adenomas (p = 0.000). The protein expression was correlated with tumor grades (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated cell division cycle-7 overexpression in malignant salivary gland tumors in comparison with pleomorphic adenomas, and also a correlation with tumor differentiation. Therefore, this protein might be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for salivary gland tumors.
Resumo Introdução: A cell division cycle-7 é uma serina/treonina quinase que tem um papel básico na regulação do ciclo celular e é um potencial marcador prognóstico ou terapêutico em alguns tipos de câncer humano. Objetivos: Este estudo investigou a expressão de cell division cycle-7 em tumores de glândulas salivares benignos e malignos e também sua correlação com fatores clínico-patológicos. Método: A expressão imuno-histoquímica de cell division cycle-7 foi avaliada em 46 casos, incluindo 15 carcinomas adenoide císticos, 12 carcinomas mucoepidermoides, 14 adenomas pleomórficos e 5 glândulas salivares normais. A taxa de expressão e a intensidade da proteína cell division cycle-7 foram comparadas estatisticamente. Resultados: A proteína foi expressa em quase todos os tumores. A intensidade e a média da expressão de cell division cycle-7 foram maiores em tumores malignos em comparação com adenoma pleomórfico (p = 0,000). A expressão da proteína foi correlacionada com os graus do tumor (p = 0,000). Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstrou a superexpressão de cell division cycle-7 em tumores malignos de glândulas salivares quando comparada com o adenoma pleomórfico, além de uma correlação com a diferenciação de tumores. Portanto, essa proteína pode ser um potencial marcador prognóstico e terapêutico para tumores de glândulas salivares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/analysis , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Cell Cycle Proteins/analysis , Prognosis , Reference Values , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Cell Differentiation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor is thought to be an important angiogenic factor involved in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Objective: The present study evaluated the relation between tissue expression, serum and salivary levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. Methods: Samples were collected from 30 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and 24 healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for tissue expression and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure serum and salivary levels. Results: No vascular endothelial growth factor staining was observed in normal tissues, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor expression was seen in 6 patients (20%). Mean serum level of VEGF was 83.7 ± 104.47 in patients and 50.04 ± 32.94 in controls. Mean salivary level of vascular endothelial growth factor was 174.41 ± 115.07 in patients and 149.58 ± 101.88 in controls. No significant difference was found by Mann-Whitney test between controls and patients (p = 0.411, p = 0.944, respectively). No correlation was found between vascular endothelial growth factor tissue expression and its serum and salivary level. Conclusion: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor was found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but no relation was found between tissue expression, serum levels, and salivary levels of this marker. .
Introdução: Acredita-se que o fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (FCEV) seja um importante fator angiogênico envolvido no crescimento, na progressão e na metástase tumoral. Objetivo: O presente estudo avalia a relacão entre a expressão tecidual e os níveis séricos e salivares do FCEV em carcinomas de células escamosas da cabeca e pescoco (CCECPs) e sua correlacão com aspectos clinicopatológicos. Método: Foram coletadas amostras de 30 pacientes com CCECP e de 24 voluntários saudáveis. Utilizamos análise imuno-histoquímica para a expressão tecidual e ELISA para determinação dos níveis séricos e salivares. Resultados: Não foi observada coloração para FCEV nos tecidos normais, enquanto que foi observada expressão de FCEV em seis pacientes (20%). O nível sérico médio de FCEV foi 83,7 ± 104,47 em pacientes e 50,04 ± 32,94 em controles. O nível salivar médio de FCEV foi de 174,41 ± 115,07 em pacientes e 149,58 ± 101,88 em controles. Não foi observada diferenca significativa pelo teste de Mann-Whitney entre controles e pacientes (respectivamente, p = 0,411, p = 0,944). Não foi observada relacão entre a expressão tecidual de FCEV e seus níveis séricos e salivares. Conclusão: A expressão elevada de FCEV foi observada em pacientes com CCECP, e isso sugere seu papel na patogênese de CCECP, mas não foi observada relacão entre a expressão tecidual e os níveis séricos e salivares desse marcador. .